ABSTRACT
The aim of the current study was to assess the mRNA levels of two mitochondria-related genes,including nuclear-encoded NRF1 [nuclear respiratory factor 1], mitochondrial transcription factor A [TFAM], and mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 [MT-CO1] genes in various stages of the human oocyte maturation. Oocytes were obtained from nine infertile women with male factor undergoing in vitro fertilization [IVF]/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection protocol. Mitochondrial-related mRNA levels were performed by single-cell TaqMan real-time PCR. the expression level of the target genes was low at the germinal vesicle stage [P>0.05]. Although the mRNA level of NRF1gene remained stable in metaphase I, the mRNA level of TFAM and MT-CO1 increased significantly [P<0.05].In metaphase II, the expression level of all genes increasedcompared to metaphase I [P<0.05]. The overexpression levels of NRF1, TFAM, and MT-CO1 genes are related to the oocyte maturation. Therefore, the current study could be used clinically to improve the successrate of IVF.
ABSTRACT
The ability of asexual multiplicity [reproductions] of developed animal cells, cloning, currently is the most hot discovery [rumbustious accomplishment] in the field of science. The most successful result of scientific research activity is [dolly], the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal Primary concerned about cloning has got more seoious after starting of human cloning and has confronted cloning to governmental conflict over the word. There are different types of cloning technologies, somatic cell nuclear transfer, horticultural, roslyn. Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of human and classifeid into reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. The medical aim of reproductive cloning is to treat infertility and reproduce human with predesignated. Therapeutic cloning is hepful to generate or trasplant degenerated or damaged organs, in this technique blastocysphase cells may be used. Moral problems has widely restricted perproductive cloning, but conflicts against the therapeutic cloning are faced to more mildness, andmagority of the countries had allowed cell researches for therapeutic cloning under special supervisory protocols